Carding is a mechanical process that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibers to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing. This is achieved by passing the fibers between differentially moving surfaces covered with card clothing, a firm flexible material embedded with metal pins. It breaks up locks and unorganised clumps of fiber and then aligns the individual fibers to be parallel with each other. In preparing cotton or wool fiber for spinning, carding is the step that comes after teasing.
Carding, many have called carding the foundation process of yarn manufacturing. This is partly due to the fact that it is at the carding stage that the previously loose, unoriented cotton fiber first takes on a textile form sliver. The card is made up of a series of cylinders, which are wire-wound. This wire has tiny teeth cut into it and each tooth serves to transport a small number of fibers through the machine. There are also wire-covered surfaces called flats that come in close proximity to the main cylinder. This is the area where most of the carding action takes place. The wire-wound cylinders acting against one another, in conjunction with the flats, are the actions that accomplish carding’s main purpose to straighten, align, and parallel the fiber.
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