Transfer printing is the term used to describe textile and related printing processes in which the design is first printed on to a flexible non-textile substrate and then transferred to a textile in a separate process.
Transfer printing involves the transfer of color from one surface, usually paper, to a second surface. The most common method is heat transfer printing, where the design is first printed on paper and then transferred onto a garment or fabric. For cotton, the only widely used commercial process involves printing release paper with pigments for logo printing onto t-shirts and other garments. The first step in this process is to place the garment onto the bed of the press. The printed transfer paper is then placed on the garment and the press is closed applying both heat and pressure.
The heat softens and releases the pigment binder from the paper and adheres the logo to the garment. The release temperature is usually around 375 degrees Fahrenheit or 190 degrees Celsius. Garments printed using this process must be treated with caution when ironed or exposed to excessive heat. Additionally, these prints will exhibit all the characteristics of pigment prints, both good and bad. For fabrics, transfer print patterns can also be applied using dyestuff that is normally used in dyeing and wet printing. Cotton fabrics must be pre-treated to allow for fixation of the dyes. The desired pattern, in reverse mode, is printed onto the transfer paper. This paper is then placed onto the pre-treated fabric under heat and pressure and the dyes are transferred. Transfer printing continues to grow in popularity because the process is efficient and a wide variety of colors and patterns can be applied with great clarity and definition. In addition, labor requirements and floor space are less at the print house and less water and other chemistries are used. However, this system requires longer runs to be profitable since the patterns must be printed onto the paper and rotary printing is normally used. In a typical application, a service company would make the pattern paper.
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