Melamine Fibers

Melamine fibers are synthetic fibers in which the fiber-forming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50 % by weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer. Melamine fibers have low thermal conductivity, excellent flame resistance, are self-extinguishing and exhibit excelllent dimensional and heat stability with a continuous operating temperature of about 200°C. These properties make melamine fibers a good choice for flame resistant apparel. They can be processed with standard textile equipment and are sometimes blended with commodity fibers and other heat resistant synthetic fibers such as aramid fibers. 

Basofil was the only commercial melamin-based fiber. It was developed by BASF AG in the 1990’s. Due to limited demand and high cost relative to other fibers, it has been discontinued. 

Basic principles of melamine fiber production 

The production is based on a unique melamine chemistry that results in a cross-linked, non-thermoplastic polymer of melamine units joined by methylene and dimethylene ether linkages. In the polymerization reaction, methylol derivatives of melamine react with each other to form a three-dimensional structure. This structure is the basis for the fiber's heat stability, solvent resistance, and flame resistance. 

Melamine fiber characteristics 

- White and dyeable 

- Flame resistance and low thermal conductivity 

- High heat dimensional stability 

- Processable on standard textile equipment 

Applications 

Melamine fibers can be used for fire blocking fabrics like aircraft seating and upholstery in high-risk occupancies, protective clothing and gear for firefighters, mattresses, and for home furnishings that are compliant with 16 CFR1633 in high-risk occupancies. Other potential applications include tire sealants, heat resistant gloves, insulating thermal liners, specialty flame resistant and electrical papers and filter medias of high capacity and efficiency. 

- Fire Blocking Fabrics: Aircraft seating, fire blockers for upholstered furniture in high-risk occupancies (e.g., to meet California TB 133 requirements) 

- Protective Clothing: Firefighters' turnout gear, insulating thermal liners, knit hoods, molten metal splash apparel, heat resistant gloves. 

- Filter Media: High capacity, high efficiency, high temperature baghouse air filters.